中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
保持吸引外资“增量提质”态势(人民时评)******
中央经济工作会议强调,“更大力度吸引和利用外资”。不久前,商务部发布的数据显示,2022年前11个月,我国实际使用外资金额达11560.9亿元,按可比口径同比增长9.9%,已超过2021年全年。外资看好中国、投资中国,向世界展示了中国市场的超强韧性和巨大吸引力。
在“稳存量、扩增量”的基础上,我国外资“提质量”也取得明显成效。首先,引进外资促进了关键领域发展。高技术制造业实际使用外资金额增长58.8%,高技术服务业增长23.5%,已成为吸引外资的“主引擎”。其次,外资的来源更多元。来自韩国、德国、英国、日本等国家的实际投资同比分别增长122.1%、52.6%、33.1%和26.6%。“一带一路”沿线国家对我国市场的认可度也不断提升,投资不断增长。再次,外资的区域分布更合理。我国中、西部地区对外资吸引力逐渐增强,外资流入增速分别为28.6%和24.6%。可以说,我国吸引外资在2022年实现逆势增长,出现了“增量提质”的态势,充分表明我国经济韧性强、潜力大、活力足。
吸引和利用外资“增量提质”良好局面来之不易。成绩的取得,源于我国完整的产业体系、超大规模的市场、稳定的社会大局、长期向好的经济基本面等综合优势,也因为我国毫不动摇实施了一系列吸引外资的高水平开放举措,切实保障了外资对安全、回报和市场的期盼。在坚持扩大外资市场准入方面,2022年,我国连续第六年缩减全国和自贸试验区外资准入负面清单;把沈阳、南京、杭州、武汉、广州、成都6个城市纳入服务业扩大开放综合试点;2022年版《鼓励外商投资产业目录》总条目比2020年版增长了近20%。在坚持优化投资营商环境方面,2022年,各地区各部门继续深入清理、修订和废止了与外商投资法及其实施条例和司法解释不符的法规文件;积极落实《外商投资企业投诉工作办法》,推动营商环境市场化法治化国际化建设不断深化。在坚持对接高标准规则方面,2022年以来,我国积极推进加入《全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》(CPTPP)和《数字经济伙伴关系协定》(DEPA),继续推进多个自贸协定的谈判和升级进程。
同时,也要清醒认识到,当前国际形势复杂多变,跨国投资者分散风险考量明显上升,各国吸引外资竞争日趋激烈,世界范围内新增投资呈分散趋势。做好2023年经济工作,实现经济运行总体回升,要求我们切实稳住吸引外资的基本盘,进一步提升利用外资的水平。中央经济工作会议提出:“要推进高水平对外开放,提升贸易投资合作质量和水平。”全面贯彻党中央的决策部署,要稳步扩大制度型开放,落实好外企国民待遇,坚定外资企业在华投资的信心;要认真研究新形势下利用外资的新趋势,抓住全球产业结构和布局调整带来的新机遇,优化外资来源结构;要继续引导外资流向高技术、高标准、绿色低碳等领域,均衡外资产业分布,让我国成为更富吸引力的投资热土。
开放是人类文明进步的重要动力,是世界繁荣发展的必由之路。过去中国经济发展是在开放条件下取得的,未来中国经济实现高质量发展也必须在更加开放的条件下进行。只要继续推进高水平对外开放,增强国内国际两个市场两种资源联动效应,就能保持对外资的强大吸引力,以中国新发展为世界提供新机遇。高凌云